SCADA Security Testing
SCADA Security Audit Experts offer unbiased SCADA security audit consultancy, providing tailored recommendations to address security concerns. Our consultants have been helping companies counter SCADA security challenges effectively.
We conduct a budget-friendly yet comprehensive SCADA system analysis, identifying vulnerabilities in critical areas, including user practices, information handling procedures, and technologies.
Our model includes three key network areas: the Enterprise Network, the Process Network, and the Control Network.
Enterprise Network
- Supports business operations like web/email servers, application servers, and workstations.
- Regular access to the internet or intranet.
- Protected by a firewall (Tier I security).
Process Network
- Includes Master Terminal Units, HMIs, and the Database Historian.
- Interfaces where operators control and supervise system components for efficient SCADA operation.
- Firewall-protected (Tier II security).
Control Network
- Contains field instrumentation like RTUs, sensors, and actuators.
- Modern SCADA systems use Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in place of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs).
- Secured with WAN links (Tier III security).
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- MTU Security Issues: Outdated systems, applications, and antivirus software lead to operational risks. Common attack vectors include SQL injection, buffer overflow, and privilege issues. Physical compromises or insider negligence can also pose significant risks.
- HMI Security Issues: HMI security concerns arise from outdated software, which can lead to input validation vulnerabilities or unauthorized system-level access.
- Database Historian Issues: Vulnerabilities in deprecated software, poor patch management, and weak application development can expose the system to attacks like SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS).
- Sensor Security Issues: Sensors are vulnerable to signal jamming, man-in-the-middle attacks, and flooding, especially due to a lack of proper encryption in communication protocols like Modbus.
- RTU Security Issues: RTUs are susceptible to packet modification, buffer overflow, replay attacks, and privilege escalation due to weak encryption and protocol flaws.
- Communication Protocol Issues: Modbus and DNP3, the common SCADA protocols, suffer from a lack of cryptographic protections, which can be exploited by attackers.
SCADA Attack Vectors
- Stuxnet: This malware targeted Siemens Step7 software and PLCs, causing damage by manipulating industrial processes.
- Industroyer: Used in the cyberattack on Ukraine’s power grid, this malware is designed to attack electrical grids, exploiting vulnerabilities in devices like Siemens SIPROTEC.
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SCADA Attack Scenarios
We have modelled two attack scenarios aimed at compromising the integrity of the SCADA Master Terminal Unit (MTU):
- Replay Attack via Removable Media:A disgruntled insider uses zero-day malware to gain remote access and inject replay packets into the MTU, causing an operator to issue incorrect commands.
- XSS Attack via Malicious Web Component:The attacker uses social engineering to manipulate a victim into visiting a malicious site, enabling them to steal session cookies and escalate privileges, ultimately compromising the MTU.
SCADA Pen Testing Checklist
Key steps include ensuring proper password policies, restricting PLC access, segregating the SCADA network, and regularly updating security patches.
Recommended Tools for SCADA Assessments
- Smod : Modbus penetration testing framework
- Plcscan : Python script for scanning PLC devices
- Wireshark : Network sniffer
- Plcinject : Tool for injecting code into PLCs
SCADA Attack Scenarios
We have modelled two attack scenarios aimed at compromising the integrity of the SCADA Master Terminal Unit (MTU):
- Replay Attack via Removable Media:A disgruntled insider uses zero-day malware to gain remote access and inject replay packets into the MTU, causing an operator to issue incorrect commands.
- XSS Attack via Malicious Web Component:The attacker uses social engineering to manipulate a victim into visiting a malicious site, enabling them to steal session cookies and escalate privileges, ultimately compromising the MTU.
SCADA Attack Scenarios
We have modelled two attack scenarios aimed at compromising the integrity of the SCADA Master Terminal Unit (MTU):
- Replay Attack via Removable Media : A disgruntled insider uses zero-day malware to gain remote access and inject replay packets into the MTU, causing an operator to issue incorrect commands.
- XSS Attack via Malicious Web Component : The attacker uses social engineering to manipulate a victim into visiting a malicious site, enabling them to steal session cookies and escalate privileges, ultimately compromising the MTU.
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